[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/ekonomika-zitrka-ochrana-zivotniho-prostredi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/ekonomika-zitrka-ochrana-zivotniho-prostredi\/","headline":"Ekonomika z\u00edt\u0159ka \u2013 ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed","name":"Ekonomika z\u00edt\u0159ka \u2013 ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed","description":"Podn\u011bty trhu hraj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed roli p\u0159i chov\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edm ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci maximalizovat sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed blahobyt a sna\u017e\u00ed se udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu mezi soukrom\u00fdmi v\u00fdnosy a soukrom\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady. Av\u0161ak existuj\u00ed tu i n\u00e1klady spole\u010densk\u00e9 a extern\u00ed neboli externality, kter\u00e9 jsou re\u00e1ln\u00e9, ale jsou placeny sp\u00ed\u0161 spole\u010dnost\u00ed ne\u017e firmou samotnou. \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady: n\u00e1klady na&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/ekonomika-zitrka-ochrana-zivotniho-prostredi\/\">Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Ekonomika z\u00edt\u0159ka \u2013 ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/a>","datePublished":"2025-03-03","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"bumo.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df9d3e7f7fe4622e291ec02ac46f5f76755ddc91019a65e783baee3892394402?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df9d3e7f7fe4622e291ec02ac46f5f76755ddc91019a65e783baee3892394402?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bumo.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302350_w2067_t1512249618.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302350_w2067_t1512249618.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/ekonomika-zitrka-ochrana-zivotniho-prostredi\/","about":["Ekonomika"],"wordCount":412,"articleBody":"Podn\u011bty trhu hraj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed roli p\u0159i chov\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edm ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci maximalizovat sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed blahobyt a sna\u017e\u00ed se udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu mezi soukrom\u00fdmi v\u00fdnosy a soukrom\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady. Av\u0161ak existuj\u00ed tu i n\u00e1klady spole\u010densk\u00e9 a extern\u00ed neboli externality, kter\u00e9 jsou re\u00e1ln\u00e9, ale jsou placeny sp\u00ed\u0161 spole\u010dnost\u00ed ne\u017e firmou samotnou.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady: n\u00e1klady na ekonomickou aktivitu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo nese v\u00fdrobce nebo z\u00e1kazn\u00edk, s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou externalit\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 spole\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady: \u00fapln\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na zdroje dan\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity v\u010detn\u011b externalit\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 extern\u00ed n\u00e1klady: n\u00e1klady na tr\u017en\u00ed aktivitu, kter\u00e9 nese t\u0159et\u00ed strana; je to rozd\u00edl mezi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi a soukrom\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady tr\u017en\u00ed aktivityNap\u0159\u00edklad elektr\u00e1rna p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed svoje soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na t\u0159et\u00ed stranu (na spole\u010dnost) ve form\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu nebo vody. Ve skute\u010dnosti spole\u010dnost umo\u017e\u0148uje elektr\u00e1rn\u011b voln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat cenn\u00e9 zdroje \u2013 \u010dist\u00fd vzduch a \u010distou vodu.\u00bc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ten, kdo zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nahrazuje svoje soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady extern\u00edmi.\u00bc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jakmile existuj\u00ed extern\u00ed n\u00e1klady, soukrom\u00e1 firma nebude alokovat zdroje a vyu\u017e\u00edvat svoje v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak, aby maximalizovala spole\u010densk\u00fd blahobyt. \u00bc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kdy\u017e firma m\u016f\u017ee nahradit soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady extern\u00edmi, jej\u00ed zisky mohou vzr\u016fst.\u00bc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pokud n\u00e1klady souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm budou extern\u00ed, firmy budou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho zbo\u017e\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.Strategie pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 podn\u011bty ke zm\u011bn\u011b trhu tak, aby br\u00e1nil zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: p\u0159im\u011bt v\u00fdrobce zapo\u010d\u00edtat v\u0161echny n\u00e1klady jako soukrom\u00e9, pak by zmizely podn\u011bty ke zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a7\u00a0 emisn\u00ed poplatky = poplatky, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed zaplatit zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00e9 &#8211; jsou zalo\u017eeny na rozsahu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed; emisn\u00ed poplatek zvy\u0161uje soukrom\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a podporuje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstup a \u010dist\u0161\u00ed technologii\u00a7\u00a0 pokuty za zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed + n\u00e1klady na odstran\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u00a7\u00a0 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 poplatky = zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ceny za u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, nap\u0159. vody\u00a7\u00a0 recyklovateln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly = zv\u00fd\u0161it podn\u011bt pro recyklaci; recyklace sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadk\u016f a zmen\u0161uje pot\u0159ebu t\u011b\u017eit nov\u00e9 suroviny ze zdroj\u016f2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 podn\u011bty k\u00a0obejit\u00ed trhu ve form\u011b regula\u010dn\u00ed intervence                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ekonomika z\u00edt\u0159ka \u2013 ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.bumo.cz\/ekonomika-zitrka-ochrana-zivotniho-prostredi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]